Metformin is a prescription medication primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes. It lowers blood sugar by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing glucose production in the liver. This helps your body use insulin more effectively.
How Metformin Works
Metformin works in several ways. First, it reduces hepatic glucose production, meaning it lowers the amount of sugar your liver releases into your bloodstream. Second, it enhances insulin sensitivity in your muscles and fat tissue, allowing them to absorb more glucose from your blood. Finally, it can slightly slow down the absorption of glucose from your digestive tract. Your doctor will determine the correct dosage based on your individual needs and health status.
Side Effects and Precautions
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and stomach upset. These often lessen as your body adjusts to the medication. More serious, though rare, side effects include lactic acidosis (a build-up of lactic acid in the blood), vitamin B12 deficiency, and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), especially if combined with other diabetes medications or insulin. Always inform your doctor about any pre-existing conditions, medications, or supplements you are taking before starting metformin. Regular blood tests are recommended to monitor your kidney function and vitamin B12 levels while taking metformin.
